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¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Îͧ㤬ËܤòÅð¤à¤Î¤ò½õ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬°¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤È»×¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë´Ø¤·¤ÆÉÔ²÷¤Ë´¶¤¸¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦:¤¢¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢Í§Ã£¤Ø¤Î»Ù±ç¤òµñÀ䤷¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤¿¤¤¤È»×¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤É¤³¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤ï¤Ê¤¤Ë¾¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤¦¡¢Íè¤ë¡¢¤«¤é;¤½¤ÎÆ°µ¡(¤½¤ÎÇظå¤Ë¤¢¤ëÍýͳ)¤Ï²¿¤Ç¤¹¤«¡£ There are various ways in which something can be wrong,but in this case,if you had to explain it,you'd probably say that it would be unfair to other users of the library who may be just as interested in the book as your friend is,but who consult it in the reference room,where anyone who needs it can find it. you may also feel that to let him take it would betray your employers, who are paying you precisely to keep this sort of thing from happening. ²¿¤«¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¢¤·¤«¤·¤½¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¿Þ½ñ´Û¤Î¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÉÔ¸øÊ¿¤À¤í¤¦¤È¶²¤é¤¯¸À¤¦¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡¢¤Á¤ç¤¦¤É¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Îͧ㤬¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Ëܤ˶½Ì£¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢Ã¯¤¬¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«¡¢¤·¤«¤·Ã¯¡¢»²¾È¼¼(¤³¤³¤Ç¤½¤ì¤òɬÍפȤ¹¤ëï¤Ç¤â¤Ï¤½¤ì¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë)¤Ç¤½¤ì¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢Èà¤Ë¤½¤ì¤ò¤È¤é¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î¸ÛÍѼÔ(Èà¤é¤Ï½ÐÍè»ö¤«¤é¤³¤Î¼ï¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò°Ý»ý¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ËÀµ³Î¤Ëʧ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë)¤ò΢ÀÚ¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£ these thoughts have to do with effects on others¡¡not necessarily effects on their feelings,since they may never find out about it,but some kind of damage nevertheless.In general,the thought that something is wrong depends on its impact not just on the person who does it but on other people.They wouldn't like it,and they'd object if they found out.¡¡¡½ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹Í¤¨¤Ï¾¤Î¤â¤Î¤ËÂФ¹¤ë±Æ¶Á¤È´Ø·¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¢¤Ê¤¤¡¢É¬¤º¤½¤ì¤é¤Î´¶¾ð¤ËÂФ¹¤ë±Æ¶Á¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤¬¤½¤ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÃ챤òÆÀ¤Ê¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤·¤«¤·¤¢¤ë¼ïÎà¤Î»³²¡¢¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡£°ìÈ̤ˡ¢²¿¤«¤¬´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨¤Ï¡¢¤Á¤ç¤¦¤É¤½¤ì¤ò¹Ô¤¦¿Í¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯Â¾¤Î¿Í¡¹¤Ø¤Î¤½¤Î¾×·â¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Èà¤é¤Ï¡¢¤â¤·¸«¤Ä¤±½Ð¤»¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¹¥¤¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤ÏÈ¿ÂФ¹¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£¡½ - ÌÌÅݤ¯¤µ¤¤ - 2002ǯ04·î14Æü(Æü) ¤Ê¤ó¤«Å¯³Ø¤Î¼ø¶È¤Ç±Ñ¸ì¤Î¶µºà¤ò»È¤¦¤Î¤Ç±ÑÌõ¤ò¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£ ´Êñ¤Ê±Ñ¸ì¤é¤·¤¤¤¬¡¢Ê¸Ë¡¤Î²¿¤«¤é²¿¤Þ¤Ç˺¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ÇÌõ¤¹¤Î¤¬ÌÌÅݤ¯¤µ¤¤¡£ ¤½¤³¤Ç¥¨¥¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¤Ö¤Á¹þ¤ó¤ÇÌõ¤·¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£ Suppose you work in a library, checking people's books as they leave,and a friend asks you to let him smuggle out a hard-to-find reference work that he wants to own. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¿Þ½ñ´Û¤ÇƯ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¿Í¡¹¤ÎËܤò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¿Í¡¹¤¬µî¤Ã¤¿»þ¡¢Í§Ã£¤¬¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ËÈब½êͤ·¤¿¤¤¸«¤Ä¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬º¤Æñ¤Ê»²¹Íʸ¸¥¤ò¤³¤Ã¤½¤ê»ý¤Á½Ð¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë°ÍÍꤷ¤¿¤È²¾Äꤹ¤ë¡£ You might hesitate to agree for various reasons. You might be afraid that he'll be caught,and that both you and he will then get into trouble. You might want the book to stay in the library so that you can consult it yourself. ÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÍýͳ¤Î¤¿¤á¤ËƱ°Õ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òí´í°¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ÈबÊá¤é¤¨¤é¤ì¡¢¼¡¤Ë¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ÈÈà¤ÎξÊý¤¬ÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡¢¤È¿´ÇÛ¤¹¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£½¾¤Ã¤Æ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò¤¢¤Ê¤¿¼«¿È¡¢¹Íθ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢Ëܤ¬¿Þ½ñ´Û¤Ë¤È¤É¤Þ¤ë¤³¤È¤ò˾¤à¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ But you may also think that what he proposes is wrong that he shouldn't do it and you shouldn't help him. If you think that,what does it mean,and what,if anything,makes it true? ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¡¢ÈबÄó°Æ¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¡¢¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤°¤Ç¡¢Èà¤ò½õ¤±¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡£¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò»×¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï²¿¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Þ¤¹¤«¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢²¿¤¬¤à¤·¤í¡¢¤½¤ì¤ËÀµ¤·¤¯Ä´À°¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹¤«¡£ To say it's wrong is not just to say it's against the rules. There can be bad rules which prohibit what isn't wrong like a law against criticizing the government. 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